History
What Ohio's schools took in and from whom, FY2009 through FY2024, measured by the federal government rather than by the state — and what the formula's poverty weight is counted on, back to FY1998. The only figures on this site that reach before FY2020.
Where the money came from Contents
The state share fell from 45.9% in FY2009 to 34.5% in FY2024, and the local share rose from 47.5% to 53.6%, with federal money covering the rest. Local, state and federal revenue as shares of the total, across every comparable Ohio school system the Census Bureau surveyed.
The values
- FY2009: 47.5% local, 45.9% state
- FY2010: 46.1% local, 43.8% state
- FY2011: 46.3% local, 42.6% state
- FY2012: 49.2% local, 41.9% state
- FY2013: 52.8% local, 41.9% state
- FY2014: not published
- FY2015: 50.2% local, 42.9% state
- FY2016: 52.8% local, 40.1% state
- FY2017: 53.4% local, 39.8% state
- FY2018: 54.0% local, 39.6% state
- FY2019: 54.5% local, 38.9% state
- FY2020: 55.4% local, 38.0% state
- FY2021: 54.0% local, 37.1% state
- FY2022: 51.7% local, 34.3% state
- FY2023: 52.8% local, 33.7% state
- FY2024: 53.6% local, 34.5% state
The dashed lines mark each change of formula: FY2010, Evidence-Based Model; FY2012, Bridge Formula; FY2022, Fair School Funding Plan.
The federal line is left off the chart and kept in the table below, because it is the one series whose ends cannot be read at face value. The federal share ran 5–7% in ordinary years, rose to 11.0% in FY2011 on stimulus money and to 14.0% in FY2022 on pandemic relief, and was still 11.9% in FY2024. FY2014 is absent from the Bureau's archive, and the line breaks rather than bridging it.
| Year | Systems | Local | State | Federal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2009 | 612 | 47.5% | 45.9% | 6.7% |
| FY2010 | 611 | 46.1% | 43.8% | 10.1% |
| FY2011 | 611 | 46.3% | 42.6% | 11.0% |
| FY2012 | 610 | 49.2% | 41.9% | 8.9% |
| FY2013 | 612 | 52.8% | 41.9% | 5.3% |
| FY2015 | 611 | 50.2% | 42.9% | 6.9% |
| FY2016 | 610 | 52.8% | 40.1% | 7.1% |
| FY2017 | 611 | 53.4% | 39.8% | 6.8% |
| FY2018 | 612 | 54.0% | 39.6% | 6.3% |
| FY2019 | 613 | 54.5% | 38.9% | 6.7% |
| FY2020 | 612 | 55.4% | 38.0% | 6.6% |
| FY2021 | 612 | 54.0% | 37.1% | 8.9% |
| FY2022 | 611 | 51.7% | 34.3% | 14.0% |
| FY2023 | 609 | 52.8% | 33.7% | 13.5% |
| FY2024 | 609 | 53.6% | 34.5% | 11.9% |
Whom it reached Contents
The gap between the poorest and richest quarter of districts grew from $5,364 per pupil in FY2009 to $10,527 in FY2024. Districts sorted by local revenue per pupil and cut into quarters. The gap is the distance between the poorest quarter and the richest; the second line is what neither state nor federal aid closes, which is the part a district actually experiences. In the dollars of each year.
The values
- FY2009: $5,364 gap, $2,289 of it closed by nobody
- FY2010: $5,538 gap, $2,668 of it closed by nobody
- FY2011: $5,565 gap, $2,684 of it closed by nobody
- FY2012: $5,727 gap, $2,713 of it closed by nobody
- FY2013: $6,030 gap, $3,084 of it closed by nobody
- FY2014: not published
- FY2015: $6,599 gap, $3,537 of it closed by nobody
- FY2016: $6,768 gap, $3,352 of it closed by nobody
- FY2017: $7,041 gap, $3,408 of it closed by nobody
- FY2018: $7,558 gap, $3,661 of it closed by nobody
- FY2019: $7,784 gap, $3,576 of it closed by nobody
- FY2020: $8,572 gap, $3,939 of it closed by nobody
- FY2021: $8,808 gap, $4,360 of it closed by nobody
- FY2022: $9,590 gap, $4,229 of it closed by nobody
- FY2023: $9,810 gap, $4,457 of it closed by nobody
- FY2024: $10,527 gap, $4,772 of it closed by nobody
The dashed lines mark each change of formula: FY2010, Evidence-Based Model; FY2012, Bridge Formula; FY2022, Fair School Funding Plan.
State aid's share of the gap held — 40% to 49% in every year from FY2012 — while the gap itself grew from $5,364 to $10,527. A formula doing the same proportional job against a larger problem leaves districts further apart every year, and the percentage is the thing that looks stable.
| Year | Poorest quarter | Richest quarter | Gap | State closes | Federal closes | Unclosed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2009 | $3,058 | $8,422 | $5,364 | $2,705 | $370 | $2,289 |
| FY2010 | $3,154 | $8,692 | $5,538 | $2,135 | $734 | $2,668 |
| FY2011 | $3,267 | $8,832 | $5,565 | $2,089 | $792 | $2,684 |
| FY2012 | $3,413 | $9,140 | $5,727 | $2,431 | $584 | $2,713 |
| FY2013 | $3,483 | $9,513 | $6,030 | $2,671 | $275 | $3,084 |
| FY2015 | $3,702 | $10,300 | $6,599 | $2,641 | $421 | $3,537 |
| FY2016 | $3,889 | $10,658 | $6,768 | $2,978 | $439 | $3,352 |
| FY2017 | $4,118 | $11,159 | $7,041 | $3,224 | $409 | $3,408 |
| FY2018 | $4,268 | $11,825 | $7,558 | $3,512 | $385 | $3,661 |
| FY2019 | $4,471 | $12,255 | $7,784 | $3,802 | $406 | $3,576 |
| FY2020 | $4,643 | $13,215 | $8,572 | $4,143 | $489 | $3,939 |
| FY2021 | $4,860 | $13,667 | $8,808 | $3,931 | $517 | $4,360 |
| FY2022 | $4,342 | $13,932 | $9,590 | $4,448 | $913 | $4,229 |
| FY2023 | $4,820 | $14,630 | $9,810 | $4,406 | $946 | $4,457 |
| FY2024 | $5,293 | $15,820 | $10,527 | $4,621 | $1,134 | $4,772 |
Whom it reached Contents
The gap between the poorest and richest quarter of districts grew from $5,364 per pupil in FY2009 to $7,227 in FY2024. Districts sorted by local revenue per pupil and cut into quarters. The gap is the distance between the poorest quarter and the richest; the second line is what neither state nor federal aid closes, which is the part a district actually experiences. In FY2009 dollars.
The values
- FY2009: $5,364 gap, $2,289 of it closed by nobody
- FY2010: $5,480 gap, $2,640 of it closed by nobody
- FY2011: $5,318 gap, $2,565 of it closed by nobody
- FY2012: $5,383 gap, $2,550 of it closed by nobody
- FY2013: $5,570 gap, $2,848 of it closed by nobody
- FY2014: not published
- FY2015: $5,964 gap, $3,197 of it closed by nobody
- FY2016: $6,057 gap, $2,999 of it closed by nobody
- FY2017: $6,200 gap, $3,001 of it closed by nobody
- FY2018: $6,469 gap, $3,134 of it closed by nobody
- FY2019: $6,555 gap, $3,011 of it closed by nobody
- FY2020: $7,172 gap, $3,296 of it closed by nobody
- FY2021: $6,992 gap, $3,461 of it closed by nobody
- FY2022: $6,981 gap, $3,078 of it closed by nobody
- FY2023: $6,935 gap, $3,151 of it closed by nobody
- FY2024: $7,227 gap, $3,276 of it closed by nobody
The dashed lines mark each change of formula: FY2010, Evidence-Based Model; FY2012, Bridge Formula; FY2022, Fair School Funding Plan.
State aid's share of the gap held — 40% to 49% in every year from FY2012 — while the gap itself grew from $5,364 to $7,227. A formula doing the same proportional job against a larger problem leaves districts further apart every year, and the percentage is the thing that looks stable.
| Year | Poorest quarter | Richest quarter | Gap | State closes | Federal closes | Unclosed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2009 | $3,058 | $8,422 | $5,364 | $2,705 | $370 | $2,289 |
| FY2010 | $3,122 | $8,601 | $5,480 | $2,113 | $727 | $2,640 |
| FY2011 | $3,122 | $8,440 | $5,318 | $1,996 | $757 | $2,565 |
| FY2012 | $3,208 | $8,591 | $5,383 | $2,285 | $548 | $2,550 |
| FY2013 | $3,218 | $8,788 | $5,570 | $2,467 | $254 | $2,848 |
| FY2015 | $3,346 | $9,310 | $5,964 | $2,387 | $380 | $3,197 |
| FY2016 | $3,481 | $9,538 | $6,057 | $2,665 | $393 | $2,999 |
| FY2017 | $3,626 | $9,826 | $6,200 | $2,838 | $360 | $3,001 |
| FY2018 | $3,653 | $10,122 | $6,469 | $3,006 | $329 | $3,134 |
| FY2019 | $3,765 | $10,320 | $6,555 | $3,202 | $342 | $3,011 |
| FY2020 | $3,885 | $11,056 | $7,172 | $3,466 | $409 | $3,296 |
| FY2021 | $3,858 | $10,850 | $6,992 | $3,121 | $410 | $3,461 |
| FY2022 | $3,160 | $10,142 | $6,981 | $3,238 | $665 | $3,078 |
| FY2023 | $3,407 | $10,342 | $6,935 | $3,115 | $669 | $3,151 |
| FY2024 | $3,634 | $10,861 | $7,227 | $3,173 | $778 | $3,276 |
What this is, and what it is not Contents
The two cards above are drawn from the U.S. Census Bureau's Annual Survey of School System Finances, FY2009 through FY2024. They are not the state's funding formula and they do not reconcile with it. The survey counts about 609 comparable Ohio systems a year — not counting community schools, joint vocational districts or educational service centers — on its own enrollment count and its own revenue classification, where everything else on this site is the Department of Education and Workforce's FY2027 model of 609 traditional districts.
Which is the point of showing it. It is the only measurement here that reaches before FY2020, and the only one Ohio did not produce about itself. What it can be trusted for is in its catalog record.
What the legislature set aside Contents
The department was appropriated $5.91B in FY1998 and $15.27B in FY2027: 2.58× as much, in the dollars of each year. Every appropriation line the Department of Education and Workforce was given, FY1998 through FY2027, in the dollars of each year. The upper line is the department's whole appropriation; the lower is the two lines the funding formula itself is paid from. Property tax reimbursement lines are excluded — they are numbered as the department's and are not its budget.
The values
- FY1998: $5.91B appropriated, $2.79B of it the formula
- FY1999: $6.33B appropriated, $3.65B of it the formula
- FY2000: $6.84B appropriated, $4.13B of it the formula
- FY2001: $7.24B appropriated, $4.46B of it the formula
- FY2002: $7.75B appropriated, $4.88B of it the formula
- FY2003: $8.11B appropriated, $5.04B of it the formula
- FY2004: $8.38B appropriated, $5.00B of it the formula
- FY2005: $8.65B appropriated, $5.02B of it the formula
- FY2006: $9.21B appropriated, $6.19B of it the formula
- FY2007: $9.50B appropriated, $6.32B of it the formula
- FY2008: $9.37B appropriated, $6.43B of it the formula
- FY2009: $9.55B appropriated, $6.70B of it the formula
- FY2010: $9.77B appropriated, $6.12B of it the formula
- FY2011: $9.79B appropriated, $6.02B of it the formula
- FY2012: $9.58B appropriated, $6.25B of it the formula
- FY2013: $9.32B appropriated, $6.29B of it the formula
- FY2014: $9.87B appropriated, $6.58B of it the formula
- FY2015: $10.35B appropriated, $7.00B of it the formula
- FY2016: $10.75B appropriated, $7.39B of it the formula
- FY2017: $11.07B appropriated, $7.70B of it the formula
- FY2018: $11.17B appropriated, $7.89B of it the formula
- FY2019: $11.32B appropriated, $8.02B of it the formula
- FY2020: $11.75B appropriated, $8.02B of it the formula
- FY2021: $11.98B appropriated, $8.02B of it the formula
- FY2022: $12.47B appropriated, $8.70B of it the formula
- FY2023: $12.65B appropriated, $8.92B of it the formula
- FY2024: $15.70B appropriated, $9.84B of it the formula
- FY2025: $14.35B appropriated, $10.19B of it the formula
- FY2026: $14.87B appropriated, $10.49B of it the formula
- FY2027: $15.27B appropriated, $10.73B of it the formula
The dashed lines mark each change of formula: FY2010, Evidence-Based Model; FY2012, Bridge Formula; FY2022, Fair School Funding Plan.
The same series on the other basis tells a different story, which is the reason this card
carries the switch: a nominal total that rises every biennium is compatible with a real
total that does not move, and both sentences are true. The spike in FY2024 is one line: $1.80B of
federal coronavirus school relief (200640), which H.B. 33 appropriated for
that year alone. It is why the formula's share falls to 63%
that year and recovers the next.
| Year | Appropriated | The formula's share | Lines | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2027 | $15,268,920,085 | 70% | 79 | Greenbook |
| FY2026 | $14,869,122,733 | 71% | 79 | Greenbook |
| FY2025 | $14,346,246,968 | 71% | 85 | Greenbook |
| FY2024 | $15,701,429,139 | 63% | 85 | Greenbook |
| FY2023 | $12,653,281,910 | 71% | 90 | Greenbook |
| FY2022 | $12,469,859,650 | 70% | 90 | Greenbook |
| FY2021 | $11,984,585,129 | 67% | 91 | Greenbook |
| FY2020 | $11,749,502,027 | 68% | 91 | Greenbook |
| FY2019 | $11,317,961,018 | 71% | 93 | Greenbook |
| FY2018 | $11,166,181,125 | 71% | 93 | Greenbook |
The 20 years before, FY1998 to FY2017
| Year | Appropriated | The formula's share | Lines | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2017 | $11,069,750,910 | 70% | 97 | Greenbook |
| FY2016 | $10,749,489,177 | 69% | 97 | Greenbook |
| FY2015 | $10,347,116,929 | 68% | 109 | Greenbook |
| FY2014 | $9,871,965,322 | 67% | 109 | Greenbook |
| FY2013 | $9,322,046,458 | 67% | 114 | Catalog |
| FY2012 | $9,577,390,575 | 65% | 114 | Catalog |
| FY2011 | $9,785,448,230 | 62% | 100 | Greenbook |
| FY2010 | $9,770,368,883 | 63% | 100 | Greenbook |
| FY2009 | $9,553,112,685 | 70% | 108 | Greenbook |
| FY2008 | $9,368,890,480 | 69% | 108 | Greenbook |
| FY2007 | $9,503,994,918 | 66% | 119 | Catalog |
| FY2006 | $9,214,187,899 | 67% | 120 | Catalog |
| FY2005 | $8,652,866,537 | 58% | 122 | Greenbook |
| FY2004 | $8,377,207,128 | 60% | 122 | Greenbook |
| FY2003 | $8,112,231,560 | 62% | 139 | Greenbook |
| FY2002 | $7,748,710,625 | 63% | 139 | Greenbook |
| FY2001 | $7,238,462,893 | 62% | 94 | The act |
| FY2000 | $6,835,912,721 | 60% | 96 | The act |
| FY1999 | $6,329,637,131 | 58% | 89 | The act |
| FY1998 | $5,913,283,513 | 47% | 98 | The act |
Three publications answer for this series. FY2006, FY2007, FY2012, FY2013 come from the Catalog of Budget Line Items and most of the rest from LSC's greenbooks and budget workbooks — those are the years the workbooks cannot reach, one biennium because its greenbook has no line-item table at all and the other because the two workbook variants are served as the same file. Where both of those state a year, they agree to the cent across seventeen hundred line items, so the column says which document a figure came from rather than how much to trust it.
FY1998, FY1999, FY2000, FY2001 are read from the acts themselves, because no analysis of them reaches that far: the greenbook series begins with the 124th General Assembly. The acts do not reach further either, and the wall is the publisher's — the legislature's own index of everything it holds stops at the 122nd, so nothing enacted before 1997 is served at all. The Foundation Program era and the equal yield formula cannot be priced from here.
One of those years was appropriated twice. Am. Sub. H.B. 215, the first budget enacted after the Supreme Court held the funding system unconstitutional, itemized FY1998 across fifty-three general revenue lines and FY1999 across one — the whole year in a single item, against a promise to itemize it by January 1998. The promise was kept, and the figure above is the one that governed rather than the one first passed. The difference is about $175 million and fifty line items.
What the legislature set aside Contents
The department was appropriated $6.33B in FY1999 and $7.40B in FY2026: 1.17× as much, in constant FY1999 dollars. Every appropriation line the Department of Education and Workforce was given, FY1999 through FY2026, in constant FY1999 dollars. The upper line is the department's whole appropriation; the lower is the two lines the funding formula itself is paid from. Property tax reimbursement lines are excluded — they are numbered as the department's and are not its budget.
The values
- FY1999: $6.33B appropriated, $3.65B of it the formula
- FY2000: $6.59B appropriated, $3.98B of it the formula
- FY2001: $6.76B appropriated, $4.16B of it the formula
- FY2002: $7.16B appropriated, $4.51B of it the formula
- FY2003: $7.34B appropriated, $4.56B of it the formula
- FY2004: $7.34B appropriated, $4.38B of it the formula
- FY2005: $7.39B appropriated, $4.29B of it the formula
- FY2006: $7.55B appropriated, $5.07B of it the formula
- FY2007: $7.58B appropriated, $5.04B of it the formula
- FY2008: $7.12B appropriated, $4.88B of it the formula
- FY2009: $7.36B appropriated, $5.16B of it the formula
- FY2010: $7.45B appropriated, $4.67B of it the formula
- FY2011: $7.21B appropriated, $4.44B of it the formula
- FY2012: $6.94B appropriated, $4.53B of it the formula
- FY2013: $6.64B appropriated, $4.48B of it the formula
- FY2014: $6.88B appropriated, $4.59B of it the formula
- FY2015: $7.21B appropriated, $4.88B of it the formula
- FY2016: $7.41B appropriated, $5.09B of it the formula
- FY2017: $7.51B appropriated, $5.22B of it the formula
- FY2018: $7.36B appropriated, $5.20B of it the formula
- FY2019: $7.34B appropriated, $5.21B of it the formula
- FY2020: $7.57B appropriated, $5.17B of it the formula
- FY2021: $7.33B appropriated, $4.91B of it the formula
- FY2022: $6.99B appropriated, $4.88B of it the formula
- FY2023: $6.89B appropriated, $4.86B of it the formula
- FY2024: $8.31B appropriated, $5.21B of it the formula
- FY2025: $7.39B appropriated, $5.25B of it the formula
- FY2026: $7.40B appropriated, $5.22B of it the formula
The dashed lines mark each change of formula: FY2010, Evidence-Based Model; FY2012, Bridge Formula; FY2022, Fair School Funding Plan.
The same series on the other basis tells a different story, which is the reason this card
carries the switch: a nominal total that rises every biennium is compatible with a real
total that does not move, and both sentences are true. The spike in FY2024 is one line: $952.2M of
federal coronavirus school relief (200640), which H.B. 33 appropriated for
that year alone. It is why the formula's share falls to 63%
that year and recovers the next. FY1998 and FY2027 are absent here because the price index covers FY1999 through FY2026.
| Year | Appropriated | The formula's share | Lines | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2026 | $7,400,010,176 | 71% | 79 | Greenbook |
| FY2025 | $7,391,923,531 | 71% | 85 | Greenbook |
| FY2024 | $8,306,127,231 | 63% | 85 | Greenbook |
| FY2023 | $6,892,538,252 | 71% | 90 | Greenbook |
| FY2022 | $6,994,308,932 | 70% | 90 | Greenbook |
| FY2021 | $7,331,127,615 | 67% | 91 | Greenbook |
| FY2020 | $7,574,825,296 | 68% | 91 | Greenbook |
| FY2019 | $7,343,730,343 | 71% | 93 | Greenbook |
| FY2018 | $7,364,683,788 | 71% | 93 | Greenbook |
| FY2017 | $7,510,737,079 | 70% | 97 | Greenbook |
The 18 years before, FY1999 to FY2016
| Year | Appropriated | The formula's share | Lines | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2016 | $7,412,579,563 | 69% | 97 | Greenbook |
| FY2015 | $7,206,274,079 | 68% | 109 | Greenbook |
| FY2014 | $6,883,863,325 | 67% | 109 | Greenbook |
| FY2013 | $6,635,107,413 | 67% | 114 | Catalog |
| FY2012 | $6,936,448,433 | 65% | 114 | Catalog |
| FY2011 | $7,205,064,176 | 62% | 100 | Greenbook |
| FY2010 | $7,449,981,916 | 63% | 100 | Greenbook |
| FY2009 | $7,361,051,718 | 70% | 108 | Greenbook |
| FY2008 | $7,116,100,806 | 69% | 108 | Greenbook |
| FY2007 | $7,581,227,708 | 66% | 119 | Catalog |
| FY2006 | $7,547,550,660 | 67% | 120 | Catalog |
| FY2005 | $7,393,863,334 | 58% | 122 | Greenbook |
| FY2004 | $7,339,440,299 | 60% | 122 | Greenbook |
| FY2003 | $7,339,427,791 | 62% | 139 | Greenbook |
| FY2002 | $7,158,619,821 | 63% | 139 | Greenbook |
| FY2001 | $6,758,609,735 | 62% | 94 | The act |
| FY2000 | $6,590,073,632 | 60% | 96 | The act |
| FY1999 | $6,329,637,131 | 58% | 89 | The act |
Three publications answer for this series. FY2006, FY2007, FY2012, FY2013 come from the Catalog of Budget Line Items and most of the rest from LSC's greenbooks and budget workbooks — those are the years the workbooks cannot reach, one biennium because its greenbook has no line-item table at all and the other because the two workbook variants are served as the same file. Where both of those state a year, they agree to the cent across seventeen hundred line items, so the column says which document a figure came from rather than how much to trust it.
FY1998, FY1999, FY2000, FY2001 are read from the acts themselves, because no analysis of them reaches that far: the greenbook series begins with the 124th General Assembly. The acts do not reach further either, and the wall is the publisher's — the legislature's own index of everything it holds stops at the 122nd, so nothing enacted before 1997 is served at all. The Foundation Program era and the equal yield formula cannot be priced from here.
One of those years was appropriated twice. Am. Sub. H.B. 215, the first budget enacted after the Supreme Court held the funding system unconstitutional, itemized FY1998 across fifty-three general revenue lines and FY1999 across one — the whole year in a single item, against a promise to itemize it by January 1998. The promise was kept, and the figure above is the one that governed rather than the one first passed. The difference is about $175 million and fifty line items.
What the poverty weight is counted on Contents
Approved applications rose from 28.9% of enrollment in FY1999 to 42.6% in FY2010, before the count changed definition. Free and reduced-price lunch applications approved, as a share of the meal-program enrollment count, across every public sponsor in the Office for Child Nutrition's MR-81 — fourteen Octobers, where the rest of this site has six years of anything.
The values
- FY1999: 28.9% of enrollment
- FY2000: 28.6% of enrollment
- FY2001: 28.5% of enrollment
- FY2002: 29.5% of enrollment
- FY2003: 31.2% of enrollment
- FY2004: 33.1% of enrollment
- FY2005: 33.8% of enrollment
- FY2006: 35.7% of enrollment
- FY2007: 36.8% of enrollment
- FY2008: 36.6% of enrollment
- FY2009: 39.6% of enrollment
- FY2010: 42.6% of enrollment
- FY2011: 45.0% of students with program access
- FY2012: 46.3% of students with program access
The dashed lines mark each change of formula: FY2010, Evidence-Based Model; FY2012, Bridge Formula.
The two lines are not one line. The denominator
changes in FY2011: through FY2010 it is AdmCount, average daily
membership ("by enrollment" on the chart), and from FY2011 it is CECount
— the highest daily number of students with access to the program ("by access"),
which is neither average daily membership nor the count before it. The series is drawn in two
pieces because joining them would assert a continuity the source does not have. The step
across FY2011 is partly the definition moving, and nothing here can say how much.
The line stops in FY2012 and the report does not. From FY2013 the department publishes MR-81 as three files, and only one of them counts applications: schools serving under community eligibility feed every child and collect no forms at all, so their approvals are zero by construction. By FY2026 43% of the meal-program enrollment sat under such a sponsor, against 7% three years earlier — and they are there because their poverty was high enough to qualify. Adding the three files gives 20.0% for FY2026, which would read as poverty collapsing.
What the source supports for those years is a range, not a figure. Its floor counts the children directly certified through SNAP, food assistance, foster care or a homeless roll — everyone who would have qualified by filing and did not appear on one of those lists is missing from it. Its ceiling is what those schools may claim for, which is the same count times the 1.6 the federal program uses, capped at enrollment. For FY2026 that is 44.5% to 55.9%. The band contains FY2012's 46.3%, so the thing this series cannot settle is not the level but the direction.
Two Octobers are in the table and in no figure above it. Under USDA's nationwide free-meal waivers a sponsor could serve every student free without collecting one application — and almost every one stopped filing. FY2021 carries 296 sponsors and FY2022 carries 261 sponsors, against 825 the year this page ends on, on about a quarter of the enrollment. What they report is true of the sponsors in them and is not a reading of Ohio, so nothing above ranges over them.
The population is sponsors, not districts: community schools and county boards of developmental disabilities are counted alongside traditional districts, and the sponsor count rises from 718 to 825 across the window mostly because community schools opened. Nothing here may be read against the report card's economically-disadvantaged share, which is one year and top-coded by community eligibility, or against any figure on the formula side.
| Year | Sponsors | Enrollment | Approved | Share | Counted on |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY1999 | 718 | 1,828,376 | 529,112 | 28.9% | AdmCount |
| FY2000 | 724 | 1,804,042 | 516,438 | 28.6% | AdmCount |
| FY2001 | 727 | 1,784,112 | 508,697 | 28.5% | AdmCount |
| FY2002 | 733 | 1,803,323 | 531,326 | 29.5% | AdmCount |
| FY2003 | 757 | 1,778,648 | 554,908 | 31.2% | AdmCount |
| FY2004 | 768 | 1,765,667 | 583,577 | 33.1% | AdmCount |
| FY2005 | 789 | 1,790,842 | 604,821 | 33.8% | AdmCount |
| FY2006 | 820 | 1,757,609 | 626,922 | 35.7% | AdmCount |
| FY2007 | 857 | 1,786,121 | 656,877 | 36.8% | AdmCount |
| FY2008 | 883 | 1,788,502 | 654,637 | 36.6% | AdmCount |
| FY2009 | 896 | 1,774,190 | 702,086 | 39.6% | AdmCount |
| FY2010 | 913 | 1,769,096 | 753,987 | 42.6% | AdmCount |
| Counted differently from here — AdmCount above, CECount below. The two sides are two series. | |||||
| FY2011 | 920 | 1,766,148 | 794,024 | 45.0% | CECount |
| FY2012 | 949 | 1,746,591 | 808,494 | 46.3% | CECount |
| FY2013 | 958 | 1,746,557 | 713,861 | 45.3%–47.3% | CECount, three files |
| FY2014 | 974 | 1,740,378 | 673,461 | 44.9%–47.7% | CECount, three files |
| FY2015 | 973 | 1,735,396 | 577,237 | 43.7%–48.4% | CECount, three files |
| FY2016 | 955 | 1,729,357 | 528,044 | 42.8%–48.2% | CECount, three files |
| FY2017 | 938 | 1,718,466 | 496,350 | 41.6%–47.4% | CECount, three files |
| FY2018 | 921 | 1,727,497 | 467,079 | 40.4%–46.7% | CECount, three files |
| FY2019 | 893 | 1,733,029 | 446,314 | 39.5%–45.7% | CECount, three files |
| FY2020 | 875 | 1,712,060 | 436,796 | 39.4%–45.7% | CECount, three files |
| FY2021 | 296 | 425,154 | 6,789 | not the state | CECount — most sponsors did not file |
| FY2022 | 261 | 398,209 | 774 | not the state | CECount — most sponsors did not file |
| FY2023 | 849 | 1,660,190 | 404,797 | 38.1%–44.1% | CECount, three files |
| FY2024 | 837 | 1,657,422 | 496,067 | 42.9%–49.4% | CECount, three files |
| FY2025 | 830 | 1,625,329 | 354,021 | 45.3%–55.8% | CECount, three files |
| FY2026 | 825 | 1,598,517 | 320,326 | 44.5%–55.9% | CECount, three files |
What the budget is made of Contents
The Department of Education and Workforce is funded through 69 live appropriation lines, beside 21 the Catalog still lists as discontinued. Each was created by an act, and the Catalog names it — the ones that do span 44 years, from 1977 to 2021.
The oldest line still being funded is Career Technical Education, established by Am. Sub. H.B. 191 of the 112th G.A. — a General Assembly that convened in 1977, two decades before DeRolph was decided and four before the Fair School Funding Plan. Nobody designed this list; each legislature added to what it inherited.
| Line | Name | Fund | Established by | Convened |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200416 | Career Technical Education | GRF | Am. Sub. H.B. 191 of the 112th G.A. | 1977 |
| 200422 | School Management Assistance | GRF | H.B. 1285 of the 112th G.A. | 1977 |
| 200502 | Pupil Transportation | GRF | H.B. 191 of the 112th G.A. | 1977 |
| 200505 | School Meal Programs | GRF | H.B. 191 of the 112th G.A. | 1977 |
| 200511 | Auxiliary Services | GRF | H.B. 191 of the 112th G.A. | 1977 |
| 200424 | Policy Analysis | GRF | H.B. 204 of the 113th G.A. | 1979 |
| 200426 | Ohio Educational Computer Network | GRF | H.B. 204 of the 113th G.A. | 1979 |
| 200532 | Nonpublic Administrative Cost Reimbursement | GRF | H.B. 694 of the 114th G.A. | 1981 |
| 200659 | Auxiliary Services Reimbursement | 5980 | H.B. 238 of the 116th G.A. | 1985 |
| 200437 | Student Assessment | GRF | H.B. 111 of the 118th G.A. | 1989 |
The other 59 lines
| Line | Name | Fund | Established by | Convened |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200446 | Education Management Information System | GRF | H.B. 111 of the 118th G.A. | 1989 |
| 200617 | Federal School Lunch | 3L60 | H.B. 152 of the 120th G.A. | 1993 |
| 200618 | Federal School Breakfast | 3L70 | H.B. 152 of the 120th G.A. | 1993 |
| 200619 | Child/Adult Food Programs | 3L80 | H.B. 152 of the 120th G.A. | 1993 |
| 200621 | Career-Technical Education Basic Grant | 3L90 | H.B. 152 of the 120th G.A. | 1993 |
| 200623 | ESEA Title 1A | 3M00 | H.B. 152 of the 120th G.A. | 1993 |
| 200680 | Individuals with Disabilities Education Act | 3M20 | H.B. 152 of the 120th G.A. | 1993 |
| 200455 | Community Schools and Choice Programs | GRF | H.B. 215 of the 122nd G.A. | 1997 |
| 200540 | Special Education Enhancements | GRF | H.B. 650 of the 122nd G.A. | 1997 |
| 200545 | Career-Technical Education Enhancements | GRF | H.B. 650 of the 122nd G.A. | 1997 |
| 200612 | Foundation Funding - All Students | 7017 | H.B. 650 of the 122nd G.A. | 1997 |
| 200687 | School District Solvency Assistance | 5H30 | H.B. 650 of the 122nd G.A. | 1997 |
| 200420 | Information Technology Development and Support | GRF | H.B. 282 of the 123rd G.A. | 1999 |
| 200566 | Literacy Improvement | GRF | H.B. 1 of the 123rd G.A. | 1999 |
| 200572 | Adult Education Programs | GRF | H.B. 282 of the 123rd G.A. | 1999 |
| 200615 | Educational Improvement Grants | 6200 | H.B. 282 of the 123rd G.A. | 1999 |
| 200427 | Academic Standards | GRF | H.B. 94 of the 124th G.A. | 2001 |
| 200439 | Accountability/Report Cards | GRF | H.B. 95 of the 125th G.A. | 2003 |
| 200448 | Educator and Principal Preparation | GRF | H.B. 95 of the 125th G.A. | 2003 |
| 200550 | Foundation Funding - All Students | GRF | H.B. 66 of the 126th G.A. | 2005 |
| 200457 | STEM Initiatives | GRF | H.B. 119 of the 127th G.A. | 2007 |
| 200321 | Operating Expenses | GRF | H.B. 487 of the 129th G.A. | 2011 |
| 200465 | Education Technology Resources | GRF | H.B. 59 of the 130th G.A. | 2013 |
| 200684 | Community School Facilities | 7017 | H.B. 59 of the 130th G.A. | 2013 |
| 200574 | Half-Mill Maintenance Equalization | GRF | H.B. 64 of the 131st G.A. | 2015 |
| 200576 | Adaptive Sports Program | GRF | H.B. 64 of the 131st G.A. | 2015 |
| 200597 | Program and Project Support | GRF | H.B. 64 of the 131st G.A. | 2015 |
| 200649 | Federal Education Grants | 3HF0 | H.B. 49 of the 132nd G.A. | 2017 |
| 657601 | Schools Medicaid Administrative Claims | 3AF0 | H.B. 49 of the 132nd G.A. | 2017 |
| 200478 | Industry-Recognized Credentials High School Students | GRF | H.B. 166 of the 133rd G.A. | 2019 |
| 200604 | Foundation Funding - All Students | 5VS0 | H.B. 166 of the 133rd G.A. | 2019 |
| 200614 | Accelerate Great Schools | 7017 | H.B. 166 of the 133rd G.A. | 2019 |
| 200631 | Quality Community and Independent STEM Schools Support | 7017 | H.B. 166 of the 133rd G.A. | 2019 |
| 200651 | Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools | 3HQ0 | H.B. 170 of the 134th G.A. | 2021 |
| 200413 | School Bus Safety | 7017 | not stated | — |
| 200415 | High School Financial Literacy | 5BX1 | Controlling Board on February 24, 2025 | — |
| 200491 | Public and Nonpublic Education Support | 5YO0 | not stated | — |
| 200606 | Information Technology Development and Support | 1380 | Controlling Board on July 20, 1961 | — |
| 200607 | School Food Services | 3670 | Controlling Board on October 27, 1967 | — |
| 200620 | Migrant Education | 3EH0 | Controlling Board on July 19, 2010 | — |
| 200622 | Homeless Children Education | 3EJ0 | Controlling Board on July 19, 2010 | — |
| 200624 | Education of Exceptional Children | 3700 | Controlling Board on May 9, 1968 | — |
| 200633 | Interagency Program Support | 4V70 | Controlling Board in June 1995 | — |
| 200634 | Student Support and Academic Enrichment | 3HI0 | Controlling Board on August 21, 2017 | — |
| 200635 | Improving Teacher Quality | 3Y60 | Controlling Board on August 12, 2002 | — |
| 200638 | Charges and Reimbursements | 4520 | Controlling Board on April 13, 1972 | — |
| 200639 | Rural and Low Income Technical Assistance | 3Y80 | Controlling Board on July 21, 2003 | — |
| 200640 | Federal Coronavirus School Relief | 3HS0 | Controlling Board on June 1, 2020 | — |
| 200645 | Consolidated Federal Grant Administration | 3Z30 | Controlling Board on July 7, 2003 | — |
| 200674 | Summer Food Service Program | 3GE0 | Controlling Board on October 29, 2012 | — |
| 200676 | Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program | 3GG0 | Controlling Board on October 29, 2012 | — |
| 200677 | Child Nutrition Refunds | 5MM0 | Controlling Board on October 29, 2012 | — |
| 200678 | Comprehensive Literacy State Development Program | 3HL0 | Controlling Board on June 15, 2020 | — |
| 200685 | National Education Statistics | 5U20 | Controlling Board on May 6, 2002 | — |
| 200688 | 21st Century Community Learning Centers | 3Y20 | Controlling Board on July 29, 2002 | — |
| 200689 | English Language Acquisition | 3Y70 | Controlling Board on July 29, 2002 | — |
| 200690 | State Assessments | 3Z20 | Controlling Board on July 29, 2002 | — |
| 200691 | Ohio School Sponsorship Program | 5KX0 | Controlling Board on November 14, 2011 | — |
| 200695 | Indirect Operational Support | 4R70 | Controlling Board in December 1993 | — |
25 of these lines name no establishing act. The Catalog gives every line a legal basis and only sometimes says which act created it; where it does not, this says nothing rather than reading an origin off an earlier edition with the same number. Line item numbers are reused — one number in this series names three different programs across three funds — so inheriting an origin down a number would attribute one program's founding act to another's, and the table would look complete.
A discontinued line is the publisher's own label and not a finding about abolition: a line folded into another is discontinued too. Whether the department's disappearing lines were abolished or consolidated is an open question this cannot settle.