Legislation
16 nodes · kind (ufo)
An enacted instrument of law that creates, amends, or constrains any part of the funding system — a General Assembly bill, most often a biennial budget act, or a provision of the Ohio Constitution. It is a Kind: a bill’s identity is fixed at enactment and does not survive becoming something else. Constitutional provisions are included here rather than given a separate class because they occupy the same position in the graph — an authority that establishes, constrains, and is litigated against.
Nodes
| Am. Sub. H.B. 1 (2009) — FY2010-11 Budget; Evidence-Based Model | The FY2010-11 operating budget, which replaced the foundation formula with the Evidence-Based Model — the most direct legislative answer to DeRolph's charge that base cost was derived by working backward from the money available. |
|---|---|
| Am. Sub. H.B. 110 (2021) — FY2022-23 Budget; Fair School Funding Plan | The FY2022-23 operating budget, which enacted the Fair School Funding Plan. The plan came from a workgroup of school treasurers and superintendents convened by Speaker Cupp and Representative Patterson, not from executive budget staff. |
| Am. Sub. H.B. 119 (2007) — FY2008-09 Budget; Two Protections Removed | The last budget before the Evidence-Based Model, and the one that took the foundation formula apart from inside: it abolished the cost of doing business factor, abolished the base cost guarantee, and folded parity aid and poverty-based assistance into the base cost. |
| Am. Sub. H.B. 153 (2011) — FY2012-13 Budget; Bridge Formula | The FY2012-13 operating budget, and the act that ended Ohio's most serious attempt to cost out an education. It repealed the Evidence-Based Model before the third year of a ten-year phase-in and put an explicit placeholder in its place. |
| Am. Sub. H.B. 166 (2019) — FY2020-21 Budget; the Year There Was No Formula | Stopped computing. For FY2020 and FY2021 every traditional district and joint vocational school district received exactly its FY2019 allocation, with the formula amount, the state share index and the per-pupil deduction rates all frozen at FY2019. New money went through a separate fund. |
| Am. Sub. H.B. 33 (2023) — FY2024-25 Budget | The FY2024-25 operating budget, and the most consequential single act for the Fair School Funding Plan after the one that created it. It refreshed the cost inputs from FY2018 to FY2022 salaries — the only time the reference year has moved. |
| Am. Sub. H.B. 49 (2017) — FY2018-19 Budget; the Guarantee Made Conditional | Re-anchored the guarantee to FY2017 and, for the first time in the decade, made it conditional: a district that had lost 10% or more of its pupils in two years was guaranteed 95% of its prior aid rather than 100%, on a scale. |
| Am. Sub. H.B. 59 (2013) — FY2014-15 Budget; a Formula Over the Bridge | Put a formula back on top of the Bridge guarantee two years after the Evidence-Based Model was repealed: a state share index, an Opportunity Grant, and seven categorical aids — all of it bounded by a guarantee at the prior distribution and a cap on gains. |
| Am. Sub. H.B. 64 (2015) — FY2016-17 Budget; Capacity Aid | Kept H.B. 59's formula and moved the guarantee's anchor forward two years, from FY2013 to FY2015. Added capacity aid, which pays on what a mill raises rather than on what a district is worth, and performance bonuses for graduation and third-grade reading. |
| Am. Sub. H.B. 66 (2005) — FY2006-07 Budget; Tangible Personal Property Tax Phase-Out | The FY2006-07 operating budget, which phased out the tangible personal property tax on general business over four years. It removed part of the local school tax base by state decision and replaced the revenue with a state payment. |
| Am. Sub. H.B. 920 (1976) — Tax Reduction Factors | The single most consequential enactment in Ohio school finance, and the least visible in the formula itself. Its tax reduction factors hold a voted levy to roughly the dollars it raised when passed, so district revenue does not grow with valuation. |
| Am. Sub. H.B. 94 (2001) — FY2002-03 Budget; the post-DeRolph II formula | The General Assembly's answer to DeRolph II, and the only Ohio school funding act a court has ever examined provision by provision and found constitutional — conditionally, briefly, and in a decision that was later vacated. |
| Am. Sub. H.B. 95 (2003) — FY2004-05 Budget; the First After DeRolph | The first operating budget enacted after the Supreme Court released jurisdiction over DeRolph, six weeks earlier. It changed nothing structural about the formula the litigation had been about: the same successful-schools base cost, the same county cost adjustment, the same 23 mills. |
| Am. Sub. H.B. 96 (2025) — FY2026-27 Budget | The FY2026-27 operating budget, and the third consecutive budget to decide what happens to the Fair School Funding Plan's phase-in. It completes the schedule on paper, 83.33% then 100%, while holding the cost inputs at FY2022. |
| Ohio Constitution, Article VI, Section 2 (1851) | The constitutional source of Ohio's school funding obligation, adopted in 1851: the General Assembly shall secure a thorough and efficient system of common schools throughout the state. Every case here is an argument about what those words require. |
| Sub. H.B. 583 (2022) — corrective and technical changes to the Fair School Funding Plan | The third of the three acts that make up the Fair School Funding Plan as it actually operates, and the one nobody cites. The Legislative Service Commission's own account of the current system names it alongside H.B. 110 and H.B. 33. |
Properties
What a legislation may carry.
| Property | Type | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Designation | string | Bill designation (e.g. Am. Sub. H.B. 110) or constitutional citation |
| General Assembly | string | Numbered General Assembly that passed it |
| Signed | date | Date signed or ratified |
| Effective | date | Date the operative provisions took effect |
| When each part took effect | text | Which provisions took effect when, where the act has more than one date. Declared because an Ohio budget act always does: the appropriation sections are effective on signing and the codified amendments ninety days later, so a single effective date is right about one half and wrong about the other. H.B. 96 is the case that forced it — signed 30 June 2025, with every R.C. 3317 section this corpus reads from it dated 30 September — and the node had carried the signing date for both. Not required class-wide, because the class holds more than budget acts — a constitutional provision or a single-subject act has one date and nothing to split. On a biennial budget act its absence is a gap rather than a quiet node, and the class cannot say that conditionally. How many acts lack it is generated into the corpus README, and yidam lint --warn names them. |
| What it did | text | What the enactment did to the funding system, in two or three sentences |
| Vetoes | text | Line-item vetoes affecting education funding, where relevant |
| Effect on accountability | text | What the enactment did to the accountability regime, as distinct from the funding system. Declared because an Ohio budget act carries both in one instrument — H.B. 33 refreshed the Fair School Funding Plan's cost inputs and dissolved Lorain's academic distress commission — and a class that could record only the funding half would make the other invisible on the node where a reader would look for it. Not required: an act that did nothing to the accountability regime has nothing to record. The cost is that an absence does not say whether the act did nothing or was never read for it — which is the question to ask of any act here that omits it. |
Relationships
The edges this class may enter into. Out is declared by the node itself; in is declared by the node at the other end.
| Relationship | To | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Establishes out | Funding Regime | A regime this enactment created |
| Sets out | Formula Parameter | A parameter value or method this enactment fixed |
| Creates out | Funding Program | A program this enactment established |
| Constrains out | Revenue Stream | A revenue channel this enactment limited, froze, or redirected |
| Amends out | Legislation | A prior enactment this one modified |
| Appropriates for out | Fiscal Period | The fiscal period or biennium this enactment funds |
| Grounds in | Doctrine | A normative principle that originates in this text |
| Enacted by in | Institutional Actor | The institution that passed or ratified it |
| Prompted by in | Litigation | A decision this enactment was a response to |